By Akash Mallady, Red Cross volunteer
More than 100,000 people in the United States live with sickle cell anemia, an inherited blood disease where red blood cells take on a different shape that leads to complications. They become rigid and characteristically crescent-shaped instead of the typical soft, round structure. The misshapen cells carry less oxygen and get stuck in blood vessels, which can leave patients feeling immense pain episodes and the potential for a stroke. While many see blood transfusions as an option during an emergency, they are a normal and necessary part of life for those managing sickle cell from childhood to adulthood.

Research has shown that sickle cell disease affects the US population in a disproportionate way. More than 90% of people with sickle cell disease in the United States are Black or African American, and 3%-9% are Hispanic or Latino. According to the CDC, people with sickle cell disease have a life expectancy that is 20 years shorter than average.
Maintaining an adequate blood supply, particularly from diverse donors, is one way the American Red Cross is working to combat this.
Blood donor diversity matters for sickle cells because blood compatibility can go deeper than just blood type. Red blood cells carry antigens, which are proteins on their surface. A patient can receive a safer and more effective transfusion if it comes from a donor whose antigen profile matches more closely. Often sickle cell patients can receive frequent transfusions of mismatched blood, and their immune system can create antibodies against these mismatched antigens. This increases the complexity of finding matches for in future transfusions. Ultimately, similar ethnic backgrounds are more likely to have a shared antigen profile, making representation in the donor population a clinical necessity.
Current data makes the urgency clear. The communities that are most likely to produce compatible matches for most sickle cell patients continue to remain underrepresented in the blood donor pool. Compared to the White donor population being 80.2%, Black and African American donors comprise just 3.8%, Hispanic or Latino donors 6.6%, and Asian donors 3.4%.
There have been hopeful changes, however. Since 2021, Black or African American blood donors have increased by 37.6%, with Hispanic or Latino donors up 8.5%, and Asian donors up 7.8%. The Red Cross Sickle Cell initiative has been paramount in this increase by providing more than 300,000 sickle cell trait screenings to donors self-identifying as Black, or multiracial. The Red Cross HBCU Ambassador Program has collected over 7,300 pints of blood from 320 campus drives.
Still, with only 3% of the U.S. population donating blood each year, the donor pool for sickle cell patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds remains low. If you come from an underrepresented background in the donor pool, your donation can provide support to patients who need it most.
Schedule a donation or share this post – – both can make a huge difference.
Visit RedCrossBlood.org, download the Red Cross Blood Donor App, or call 1-800-RED CROSS to find a drive near you .


















